Controversy Over the United States Providing Developmental...

Throughout history and present day times, many countries such as Germany, France, and Canada have provided assistance and aid to underdeveloped countries to help alleviate poverty. The United States itself issues aid to developing countries which include Israel, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Ethiopia; this has been an American practice since 1947 after World War II. During the time period from 1947 to 1949 the United States, under the Marshall Plan, provided both financial and technical assistance to Europe and Asia after the war. As a result, Europe was rebuilt both politically and economically. Today the United States continues to provide aid to underdeveloped countries, helping them evolve and strengthen their economy. Many Americans believe that America is doing the right thing in issuing aid, while others hold the opinion that the United States should not issue aid, and that the issue of money to developing countries needs to stop. On one side of the issue the supporters of developm ental aid believe that the United States is doing more than a great job by offering economic assistance to countries that need help to develop. These individuals are aware of the unfortunate poverty levels in many countries abroad. They believe that it is the duty of the American people to help reduce the poverty levels in countries in which people live with less than a dollar a day. In fact, some supporters believe that the U.S. is not offering enough support to the poorer countries. Many haveShow MoreRelatedWal Mart : The Key Elements And Problems That Occurred Within The Business Sector Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesprocedures. For example, the right of the woman was a form of stiff discrimination, social activists rights were ignored as well. 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The operational and developmental history, as well as the immediate future of this platform will be assessed, followed by a detailed inventory andRead MoreThe National Institute Of Mental Health1690 Words   |  7 Pagespossess. It is a disorder in where several parts of the brain have obstacles working together to complete complex tasks. It is a developmental disability that can cause significa nt social, communication and behavioral challenges (CDC, 2015). Prevalence Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued new information on the prevalence of autism in the United States. According to the new reports it identified 1 in 68 children as having autism spectrum disorder. As a dental professional, one willRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Lower Ses Adolescents3260 Words   |  14 Pagespersistence in antenatal depression and PPD and ) reported that the presences of depressive symptoms was associated with Black race, unmarried status, poor family background low educational attainment low monthly income, and receipt of assistance through Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, or WIC. Inadequate social support assert that no social problem affecting youths has received as much attention in recent times as adolescent pregnancy. Literature shows that 13 million children areRead MoreDream Act Of Texas : The Lone Star State2812 Words   |  12 PagesDREAM ACT IN TEXAS Texas, the lone star state is considered the second largest state in the United States of America. It is also the second most populous state, located in the South Central part of the Unites States. 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The act of breastfeeding, and providing a baby with breast milk, offer many perks for both the mother and child. This can be seen through developmental and health advantages intellectually, psychologically, and physically for the baby who consumes the milk. As for the mother health benefits can also be derived from lactating and nursing theRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children2029 Words   |  9 Pagesleading problems in the United States. The federal government defined child abuse and neglect in the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) as â€Å"physical and mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s health or welfare† (Springer, Sheridan, Kuo, Carnes, n.d). The US Department of Health and Human services estimates that state and local authorities’ estimates that state and local authoritiesRead MoreSocialization Outside The Home Is Beneficial For A Child s Social And Academic Development Essay1821 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough it is clear that implementing some socialization outside of the home is beneficial for a child’s social and academic development, the long-term benefits are a topic of controversy among many. Barnett (1995) found that early childhood programs can have large short-term benefits for children and sizable long-term effects on school achievement, grade retention, placement in special education, and social adjustment. He obtained these results through a study assessing 36 studies divided into

The Skinner s Theory Of Behaviorism And Controls Behavior...

Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner was born on 1904 in Pennsylvania. He was an American ancient psychologist who known for his work on development of behavior and the theory of reinforcements, also known as operant conditioning. Along with being the most influential psychologist he was also a professor of psychology at Harvard University. During his course of study at Harvard, he conducted a study of behavior which led him to develop the prototype of the famous Skinner Box. His encounter with John B. Watson s Behaviorism led him to study psychology in graduate program and to the development of his own version of behaviorism. He gave this world the most needed scientific approach to human behavior. His theory of behaviorism stated that the behaviors that are reinforced will tend to continue, while behaviors that are punished will eventually end.This process is called operant conditioning and further became a stepping stone for development of behaviorism. Skinner believed that free will is a false impression and that human action is dependent on reinforcement. Reinforcement is a key concept of behaviorism and controls behavior. Reinforcement occurs in two ways either a positive way or a negative way. Positive reinforcement means increase in occurrence of some act due to some action. It simply means to provide motivation to a person after the desired behavior occurs. This increases the likelihood of reoccurrence of that same behavior. For example, the praise aShow MoreRelatedBehaviorism To Teach Human Behaviors. Author’S Name. Institutional981 Words   |  4 Pages Behaviorism to Teach Human Behaviors Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Abstract The paper discusses the various problems encountered while employing the concept of behaviorism to teach human behaviors. The concept of free will and its relation with behaviorism is deliberated and their differences are highlighted. Determinism and Reductionism concepts are linked with each other and their differences and relationship with behaviorism and free will is examined. Skinner’s viewsRead MorePerspectives Paper1467 Words   |  6 Pagesfor many years. It is from these two schools of thought that dueling informational ideas have been born. Originally, behaviorism was the leading school of thought being led by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Later new ideas regarding the mind became more prominent. Edward C. Tolman was one of the more prominent figures of this field. Behaviorists looked for more evidence of behavior and rejected any ideas about the mind. An idea that was highly looked into by cognitive psychologists. BehavioristsRead MoreBehaviorism As A Psychological Theory Of Human Development942 Words   |  4 Pages Behaviorism at its finest Life circumstances or events can predict the way that most people behave or handle situation. 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Skinner and his contribution on behaviorism and operantRead MoreThe Effects Of Operant Conditioning And Positive Reinforcement1332 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologists, B.F. Skinner was considered a pioneer in the development of operant conditioning and positive reinforcement. While some of his radical views, such as the illusion of free will, garnered criticism, his contributions to the field of behaviorism, most notably â€Å"The Skinner Box†, made him an influential psychologist. B. F. Skinner was born on March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna Pennsylvania, a small railroad town where he enjoyed roaming the countryside. From a young age, Skinner demonstrated hisRead MoreBehaviorism Was A Slow Revolution1604 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism was a slow revolution that proved to become a popular study within psychology that lasted through the second decade of the twentieth century and through the beginning of the cognitive science revolution (Behjamin, 2014). During this time, there had been a vast amount of academic individuals that contributed to the multifaceted studies within the context of behaviorism. Many of the studies within this movement were based on the concept that all behaviors are the result of conditioningRead MoreImportance Of Behaviorism And Neobehaviorism1012 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviorists believed that behavior should be observed objectively with precise scientific terms. Some of researchers (Bandura and Rotter) thought that cognitive processes were important and some thought that cognitive processes were not so important (Hull, Skinner, Tolman) when observing human and animal behavior. Keywords: neobehaviorism, neo-neobehaviorism, social cognitive theory, cognition, operationism Reaction Journal Eight: Behaviorism according to Tolman, Hull, Skinner, Bandura and Rotter ThisRead MoreCarl Rogers Vs. F. Skinner : Which Perspective Is The Most Important?1419 Words   |  6 Pages Carl Rogers vs B. F. Skinner – Which Perspective is the Most Important? A long-debated argument in the field of Psychology has been which theory or explanation of human behavior is the most important and the most viable. Is B. F. Skinner’s theory that behavior is the result of man’s response to external stimuli or is Carl Rogers’ theory that man’s behavior is the result of his determination to achieve self-actualization the best explanation? After much research and thought, I will argue in favorRead MoreDifferent Views And Opinions About Free Will962 Words   |  4 Pageswill. An example of this is that B.F. Skinner, a behaviourist, and Albert Bandura, a Cognitive Psychologist, believe very different things about the idea of free will. An apparent advantage of behaviorism is that it has the ability to clearly define behavior and measure changes in behavior. According to the law of parsimony, the fewer assumptions a theory makes, the more credible it is. Therefore, behaviorism looks for simple explanations of human behavior from a very scientific viewpoint. One ofRead More Operant Conditioning Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning Overview: The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individuals response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic

Kissan Job Free Essays

Introduction : History and Evolution : Kissan till now –Acquired by Brooke Bond in 1993 from UB group -Separated from Brooke Bond as an independent brand under HUL Kissan current scenario : Kissan jam Varieties : * Pine apple * Mango * Apple * Strawberry * Mixed fruits Pricing : 100 gm Bottle – Rs. 22 200 gm Bottle – Rs. 47 500 gm Bottle – Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Kissan Job or any similar topic only for you Order Now 102 Promotion : * Advertising -television -print media -hoardings * Sales promotion Consumer Sales promotion ( gifts and discount ) -Trade Sales promotion ( discounts on bulk purchase ) Position : Initial Positioning : -Captured customers mind as an add-on product with normal foods like snack, bread etc. -In 2000, HUL rebranded â€Å"KISSAN† as â€Å"Annapurna KISSAN† Repositioning : -Alternative applications-chappathi,samosa etc -Dissolves tennsion between mother and child Tackling competition : * General competition : Heinz ketchup – Maggi ketchup – Sil jam – Rasna * Generic competition: * Butter * Pickle Distribution strategy : Place : Kissan always plays 1ST as the quality is never down Target customers : Kissan jams are mainly targeting on kids and modern youth who are found to be make their food more tastier and healthy and this is also beneficial for all age groups. A large target market for kissan jam is people who are paying guest and host elers. Example: Tops and Sil are the major players in this segment. Conclusion : * 46% of sample responded that they prefer jam withbread * 90% of the jam consumer consume kissan jam * 100% of the sample found kissanjam to be availableanywhere * Kissan jam customers are highly loyal towards the product * Only 68% of the sample could recall advertisement of kissanjam * The ad with a celebrity endorsing had a higher brand recall How to cite Kissan Job, Essay examples

Ethical and Credible Activist Cultural †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical and Credible Activist Cultural. Answer: An ethical and credible activist Human resource manager should be an ethical and credible activist due to the reason that employees will follow the ethical standard in the organization from the human resource manager. It will help the organization to imply an ethical working environment in the internal organization. Being an ethical and credible activist, the human resource manager will have more credibility among the employees (Sekerka, Comer and Godwin 2014). Thus, the controlling and monitoring employees will be more effective for him. Following for the ethical standards by the human resource manager will motivate the employees to also follow the same. This will eventually enhance the goodwill and reputation of the organization in the market. Moreover, following of ethical principles will help to reduce the employee oriented issues and thus the productivity of the organization will get enhanced (Lazaroiu 2015). Human resource manager will more control over the management of the employees. In my previous job experience, I was given the responsibility of implementing a corporate social responsibility. In the implementation process, I am being the human resource manager, involved employees from all the departments in the project. Information and opinions are being gathered from them in order to enhance the effectiveness of the project. This helped the employees in possessing positive impression about the organization. Moreover, they felt motivated and engaged due to their involvement in the project. The following of this ethical principle in the organization helped me in enhancing the credibility of my post among the employees. They perceived me as an ethical activist and assumed that I will be the person who can ethically dissolve all their issues. Thus, this quality of mine helped me in enhancing my credibility of mine among the employees. In addition, the employees also felt motivate and engaged in their workplace. A cultural and change leader The human resource manager should also be a cultural and change leader in order to enhance the organizational productivity. Contemporary business organizations are operating in one of the most challenging business environment and thus they need to implement change management to cope up with the change in the business scenario. It is the responsibility of the human resource manager to have the leadership quality for motivating the employees in the change management (Thorn 2012). This quality of him will enable to aware the employees about the consequences of the change to be implemented. Moreover, cultural diversity along with determining the individual cultural background of the employees is also important to enhance the organizational culture (Alvesson 2012). This will help to increase the level of motivation of the employees and the change management will be more smooth and effective in the organization (Patrick and Kumar 212). It is due to the reason that employees will be well aw are about the change policies due to the effective leadership qualities of the human resource manager. Thus, the employees feedback will also be gained during the implementation of the change management in the organization. I worked as a volunteer in one of the NGO in Australia. They worked for the betterment of the underprivileged society. Workforce diversity was being implemented by me in the organization in order to enhance the productivity of the employees. At the initial stage, I faced resistance from the existing employees for this change. However, I had been able to convince them about the advantage of the workforce diversity and effectively implemented them in the organization. After implementation, monitoring is being done by me in order to determine the effectiveness of the change. It helped the organization in having various options and approaches for a certain issue. Moreover, the knowledge sharing among the employees also got enhanced due to variation in their cultures. A stakeholder mentor and coach Effective mentoring qualities of the human resource manager are important due to the reason that employees need guidance in their daily course of work. Moreover, in the present business scenario, determination of the requirement of the stakeholders of the organization including customers is important to survive in the market (Thurston, DAbate and Eddy 2012). Thus, the human resource manager should have the qualities of mentoring and coaching the stakeholders to motivate and guide them in their workplace along with identifying the requirements of them. It will help the organization to modify their policies accordingly. It is been seen that the employees feel more motivated and engaged in their workplace if they are being given proper guidance (Anitha 2014). Providing guidance will not only limit to supervising the employees in their job but also it includes a broader aspect. Motivating the employees by implementing various employee welfare policies in the organization and enabling the m in maintaining the effective work life balance is also included in the mentoring and coaching abilities of the human resource manager (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Proper guidance to the employees helps them in having clear idea about the job to be done by them and the process of accomplishing the job. Thus, eventually the productivity of the organization will get enhanced. In one of our college event, I was assigned the task of team manager for our football team due to the fact that I am a trained footballer. However, being the manager of the team, my first job was to identify the qualities of the team players and assigning the team role accordingly. Afterwards, I acted as a mentor to them and given effective coaching to enhance the teamwork and performance. In the due course of coaching, the players came to me with their issues which need proper guidance. The issues are being solved effectively and that caused the enhancement of the performance of the team. Though, our team cannot able to win the tournament, but the teamwork of us gets appreciation from others. The understanding among the team members caught attention of every one. Moreover, the satisfaction and motivational level of the players are also not got affected by the loss, rather they were more motivated for the next years event. Thus, with my mentoring capabilities, I made the players perf orm as a whole team and with more satisfaction and motivation. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, p.97. Patrick, H.A. and Kumar, V.R., 2012. Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges.Sage Open,2(2), p.2158244012444615. Sekerka, L.E., Comer, D.R. and Godwin, L.N., 2014. Positive organizational ethics: Cultivating and sustaining moral performance.Journal of Business Ethics,119(4), pp.435-444. Thorn, I.M., 2012. Leadership in international organizations: Global leadership competencies.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,15(3), p.158. Thurston, P.W., D'Abate, C.P. and Eddy, E.R., 2012. Mentoring as an HRD approach: Effects on employee attitudes and contributions independent of core self?evaluation.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(2), pp.139-165.

Question 2 Essay Example

Question 2 Essay Between 1803 and 1853, the area of the United States more than tripled. As the nation expanded westward, the different parts of the country grew apart. The people of the North, the South and the West all developed different ways of life because of the different climates, kinds of land and natural resources in the three sections. Each section had its own problems and people wanted the national government to pass only such laws as would help their section. This attitude is known as sectionalism and it would cause great harm to the unity of the country.In the past, people of the different areas had worked together because they all wanted the same things. Thus, the generations of Americans from the 1770s to the 1840s achieved great successes in territorial expansion. However, from 1820 to 1860, national unity lessened as sectional interests came first and people argued among themselves about tariffs, money, the building of roads and railroads and were divided over slavery (Kurth, 1996).T he social, economic and political conditions between the sections had diverged by 1850. In the North, factories were being built and were producing a wide variety of articles. There was a movement of the immigrant population to the West where fertile farms were made out of the wilderness and acres of wheat and crop were grown. In the South, cotton was king. The cotton economy of the South was based on the labor of the Negro slaves. As the cotton was milled, it was usually sent by ship to the textile factories in the North or to Europe. As the nation expanded in population and size, better transportation facilities were needed. The most important were the railroad, the steamboat and to a lesser extent, the canals. Most of them went from east to west, allowing the agricultural products of the West to be sent east and the manufactured products of the East to be went west. To a certain extent, this shut off the South from the rest of the country (Morris, 1965).As more and more settlers moved west, more and more portions of land were organized as territories. The Southerners wanted to have slavery in at least some of the new territories because new farmland was need and since the plantation system was based on slavery, they sought this new land where slavery was permitted. Also, the Southerners wanted to keep the balance of power in the Senate.In 1819 when Missouri, a territory allowing slavery applied for admission as a state, the balance between slave and free states was threatened. If Missouri was accepted, there will then be eleven free states and twelve slave states. The North proposed that for Missouri to be accepted, the following conditions should apply that no additional slaves are to enter Missouri and the children of the slaves who are already there are to be freed at the age of 25. The Southerners resent the intrusion and this was not passed in the Senate. Instead, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was passed with the admission of Maine as a free state, M issouri as a slave state and slavery is barred from the Louisiana territory north of latitude 36o 30’ (â€Å"An Outline of American History†, 1994).When California and New Mexico were seized soon after war with Mexico was declared in mid-19th century, the problem of slavery once again became an issue. In January 1850, Henry Clay proposed a compromise to solve the problem of slavery in the territories on five points:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that California be admitted as a free state as it had requested;2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that territorial governments be set up in New Mexico and Utah;3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that a new and stricter fugitive slave law be passed to provide for returning runaway slaves to their owners;4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that the slave trade in District of Columbia be entirely stopped;5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that the boundary between Texas and New Mexico be settled and that the U.S. government will pay any debts that Texas had.After much debate and inevitable dissatisfaction by the extremists in the North and South, it passed as law and became known as the Compromise of 1850 (Smith, 1906).A decade later, a compromise can no longer be reached and due to sectional differences, slavery issue and issues against territorial management of the country’s expansion, several Southern states seceded from the Union setting the stage for the Civil War.Referencesâ€Å"Extension of Slavery, Chapter 5.† (1994). An outline of American history. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1994/ch8_p1.htm.

Economic History of Modern Europe Essay Example

Economic History of Modern Europe Essay Example Economic History of Modern Europe Essay Economic History of Modern Europe Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Economic History of Modern Europe Europe has undergone one of the most profound changes in various aspects such as the economic conditions and sociopolitical values. This is due to the increase in interactions between various societies enhancing the aspect of globalization and multiculturalism. Historical events such as trade across the whole of Europe are among the instigating factors of the widespread economic development across Europe. In addition, this also placed Europe as a significant force of trade to reckon around the world leading to the ability of empires in Europe to access numerous products, which enhanced the development and growth of civilization in European countries. Economic structures in Europe have changed over the years, as a result of the increase in democracy and new approaches to enhance equity in the distribution of resources (Clough, Charles, 27). Land is considered a crucial factor of production. Land carries all life and economic potential of a given region. This is evidenced by the increasing values of land accruable to prime properties because of the presence of infrastructure or resources on the land. As a factor of production, land is important in the sense that it is considered as the origin of all material wealth. The value of land and the ability to access the same has changed considerably over the years because of the changes in the uses of and in the demand for the same over the years. Land in historical Europe was essentially used for agricultural purposes. This is because agriculture is the main economic means of ensuring sustenance. Land is an essential factor of production as it provides a producer with the much-needed area or space for production purposes. In addition, it also avails the much-needed resources such as mineral that are raw materials for production (Clough Charles, 33). From the perspective of a landowner, the use of land over the years has been the main of drivers of demand for land in Europe. This is attributable to the increased demand for housing, production sites and agricultural sites for production. The agricultural revolution took place in Europe as a means of transition into civilization from other means of survival such as hunting and gathering, which were unpredictable and unreliable for sustenance of large numbers of people in communities. Increase in the value of land is attributable to the increase in population sizes as well as the growth of industrialization. Industrialization is defined as the process of transition or change from an era of agrarian processes into an ear of industrial processes. The increase in population necessitates the need for ample land to provide housing to people in the society. In addition, it also leads to subsequent need for land, which is usable for set up of industries for production of consumable goods. The changes in the prices of land have resulted in wealthy individuals because of the increase in their land values. Hence, an upward change in land value usually results in the increase in wealth for a landowner. On the other hand, it also results in the inability of other individuals belonging to a low economic class to make acquisition of land. This is one of the main effects of increase in demand of land and the subsequent prices. This has resulted in the division in classes in terms of those who have the ability to make purchases of land and those who are unable to purchase of land. In addition, this is among the main reasons of the presence of a large size of the population in the world without access to ownership of land (Wasserstein, 47). PART II It is evident from available literature that a majority of Europe in the medieval years focused on means of survival. This is evidenced by the focus on agrarian activities to ensure that people had access to food for survival. Majority of labor in Europe focused on agriculture as this sector was the largest employer. Agriculture and commerce are among the main drivers of the economic changes in Europe. Agriculture necessitated the need for innovations and inventions to ensure that there was high production in the field for satisfaction of the increasing demand (Clough, Charles, 46). The industrial revolution is estimated to have taken place between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe. Changes in terms of the transition from agriculture to industrialization were one of the main instigating factors of the unprecedented population growth in Europe. Industrialization has resulted in the growth and expansion of industries, such as services and manufacturing, all of which require land as a main factor of production in terms of the site of issue of the services and production of goods. Literature evidenced provides that in the period of 1870 majority of the labor force was embedded in agriculture as the primary source of income and sustenance. However, there was also dire need for transition from the traditional means of agriculture to large-scale farming for the increasing population. In addition, this resulted in the struggle for new means of economic growth. This resulted in innovations, which encouraged large-scale farming resulting in the dire need to dispose the produce because it was in surplus. This was a driver for the need by European countries to engage in commerce to ensure that they were able to access varied products and sell their produce to foreigners (Wasserstein, 52). The developments in agriculture are evidenced in the modern European societies as they are able to ensure large-scale farming at negligible costs due to innovations in farming practices. In addition, commerce is also another major aspect in the modern society in terms of the economic activities engaged by the European societies. Technological changes have enabled increased productivity in economic activities such as agriculture. Innovations are aimed at enhancing productivity and increasing the economic benefits accrued from agricultural activities. Real estate is a lucrative economic activity, which has gained large-scale acceptance. This is because of the increase in demand driven up by increases in population. Increase in population translates in a dire need for land to increase production of goods and issue of services and agricultural activities, which form a substantial economic activity around the world. Modern land prices, when compared to historical land prices could be simply termed as exorbitant (Wasserstein, 57). In addition, issues such as politics have also been factors, which have dictated the ownership and ability towards the acquisition of land by the public in Europe. Policies instated in Europe have been major determinants in terms of enhancing or restricting the ability of the populace to acquire and own land in Europe. Economic conditions have also changed leading to changes in terms of ability of the populace in Europe to acquire and own land. Increasing costs of living have resulted in a scramble for the available employment opportunities, which are essentially inadequate for an ever-increasing population (Berend, 36). Economic conditions usually translate to the effects of aspects such as rates of inflation. Inflation determines the availability of disposable incomes, which in turn affect the purchasing or buying power of the population. Hence, a decline in the inflation rates usually results in subsequent increases in the disposable incomes and thus increases in the purchasing power of the populace. This usually results in economic effects such as property booms and bubbles which if unregulated could result in collapse of real estate markets. On the other hand, high inflation usually translates to reduced disposable incomes and the ability of the population to make real estate or land purchases. Hence, a landowner has the value of his or her land stagnating or declining. Reductions in value also translate to lower rates of real estate developments and the establishment of industrial plants (Berend, 39). Socio-cultural values of land in Europe differ from one region to another. Some parts of Europe only allow ownership of land at certain areas because of historical values placed on some parts of Europe. Land, which is regarded as a heritage, is usually regarded as government property irrespective of such land hanging, been under private ownership. However, there is a transition from the traditional means of business, which focused largely on manufacturing of goods. Consumerism has changed in that, specific focus on service industries than on products consumed is needed. This is because of the changes around the world in terms of consumer preferences and changing consumer needs and focus (Pounds, 57). Land value increase is attributable to improvements in the labor sector in terms of working conditions and remuneration accruable to a laborer. In addition, this is also directly intertwined to the increasing costs of living resulting in the dire need by the labor industry to give in to the demands for higher wages. In essence, land costs and inflation are mutual events, which affect the ordinary citizen. Land costs are determined by the costs of living. In addition, the products, which are derived for use by consumers, are usually produced with the availability of land. Products such as consumables are usually the modern means of sustenance. Some are derived through agriculture whereas others are derived from production processes (Pounds, 63). Hence, increase in the value of land usually translates in the increase, in costs of production of goods such as agricultural products from farms and other manufactured goods. This is because the cost burden is usually transferred to the consumer by either the farmer or producer to the consumer. In addition, production costs of goods are increased by costs such as lease for land and purchase of the same. However, such costs are recoupable as the probability of increase in the value of land is usually high resulting in increased value of the acquired land. Focus on industry and services have resulted in high demand for land, in urban areas because of the high number of population. Service industries usually require high turnover and traffic flow of potential customers for making tier sales. Hence, this resulted in abandonment of agricultural land and new focus on the service and manufacturing industries. Hence, land value is usually different in either the urban areas or the rural areas or between less populated areas and highly populated areas. This is because of the high value attributable to large movement of population because service industries are considered as the modern day businesses (Pounds, 68). Social value of land over the years has evolved because of the changes in the social norms and values. Historically land has been associated with wealth and power. However, in the modern world land is associated with peasantry and agriculture. This is because large farms are usually held by farmers, which might require extensive labor hours to ensure maximum productivity. Hence, modern society has changed in terms of the consideration of land. The value of land is usually associated with prime locations. This is evidence of the changes in the value land in that, urban land is essential in comparison to rural land, which might be more productive than the land located in the urban areas. Landowners over the years have faced challenges brought about by changes in the ability of acquisition of land. New policies have resulted in the reduction of ability of people to won land. Restriction of ownership of land has been necessitated by the need to ensure parity in the acquisition and subsequent ownership of land in a given country. Policies are instituted to ensure the presence of transparency in terms of land ownership. Land is historically an asset, which has been associated with graft in numerous countries around the world. It is also an asset, which has the potency to result in conflict, in the case of disputes over land. Due to the changes in governance structures, land disputes are on the decline. In addition, there are provided avenues for settlement of disputes such as through mediation teams and the main avenue, which is through law courts (Broadberry, Kevin, 47). However, the value of land is constant in that, it is associated with wealth but from a different perspective. Land is valued in terms of its accessibility and proximity of social services or amenities and to the urban areas. Changes in society such as increased rural to urban migration have resulted in the decline in the value of the land in rural areas. This has resulted in appending of high values on land and subsequent developments in urban areas because of the high demand of such land and the scarcity in terms of availability. This represents an elaborate demand and supply chain. The move towards industrialization was influenced by the availability of land and the presence of resources for production. Landowners during the historical period were forced to give up prime land for the establishment of industries and extraction of raw materials for the industries, which sought to satisfy an insatiable consumer need for the products. Additionally, this resulted in appreciation of land value and thus subsequent high demand for land (Brodaberry, 67). In conclusion, land is a primary factor of production as well as for economic development. This is because society appends high value to land as it provides raw materials, goods such as agricultural products, and provides for sites to establish industries and premises for issue of services. Land in Europe was historically sued for agriculture as the main economic activity. However, the economic activities in Europe have changed over the years resulting in a focus on new activities such as the service and manufacturing industries. This is because of the changes in social norms, values and resulting change in consumer behavior. Work Cited Brodaberry, Stephen. â€Å"An Economic History Of Modern Europe: Sectoral Developments, 1870-1914† Unifying the European Experience: An Economic History of Modern Europe, Volume 2: Pp. 1870-2000, 2005. Print. Broadberry, S N, Kevin H. O’Rourke. The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Berend, T I. An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. Clough, Shepard B, Charles W. Cole. Economic History of Europe. Boston: Heath, 1952. Print. Pounds, Norman J. G. An Economic History of Medieval Europe. London: Longman, 1974. Print. Wasserstein, Bernard. Barbarism and Civilization: A History of Europe in Our Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print

Creating a Social Program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creating a Social Program - Assignment Example oncepts associated with this will also provide different opportunities to change the way in which communities are functioning as well as the way in which youth approach different problems within their community life. To do this, the gang violence enforcement agency (GVEA), will be created. This will specifically tackle various problems related to gang violence while creating alternatives for youth. The problem of gang violence is one that is specific to different communities. Gangs are defined as a group of members, usually under the age of 25, that remain together as a peer group. The group defines their identity through clothing, symbolism and activities in which they do together. Typically, the activities lead to different levels of destruction and violence. Everything from graffiti to injury and death are common among gangs. It is known that some of these are done as gangs define their identity by marking territories and specific concepts with their gangs. They are also known to have rival gangs which have a separate identity and in which they set against, which specifically leads to the violence in various communities. Many have come to address gangs as organized offenders and spontaneous societies. The concept emerged from outlaws that worked together in the 1800s, which has led to the social associations of gangs and violence (Decker, Van Winkle, 1996). The concept of belonging to a gang is one that is divided into four main groups. Immigration, poverty levels, urbanization and ethnicity are the main features that relate to the formation of gangs. From these four definitions are formations of gangs that identify the activities of the members, specifically because each one identifies with one of the characteristics that are associated with a gang. The city population and the main economy that is associated with this then continue to identify what and how a gang is formed. For instance, larger populations and cities have more formations of

Explain how the management practices of planning, leading, organizing, Essay

Explain how the management practices of planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling are implemented in your place o - Essay Example Leading – is the process where all the organizations resources, including manpower, are effectively led towards the fulfillment of the stated objective. It includes motivating the people to optimize their performances. Organizing – determines the tasks that need to be done to achieve the stated objectives and goals. The organization’s structure is also defined at this stage where functions can be effectively dispensed and to establish who decides what. Staffing - is the stage or process of determining the personnel who can do the job best. It also involves the determination of how many people are required for a task to be accomplished. Controlling – is the tool where management can measure its actual performance compared to the intended plan. Through controlling, management is enabled to apply corrective measure if there is a deviation in performance vis-a-vis intended plan. II. How are these principles implemented in the workplace? I used to work in a sta rt up fast food chain and was involved in setting up of its new branch. I was a new employee and was assigned to tag along the branch manager and was asked to perform as a support system to the setting up of the new branch. My functions then are not clearly defined as I was involved in almost all aspect of the business but it gave me an insight on the different aspect of management. It gave me an idea that running a business is both a science and art where there are principles that needs to implemented and also tools to be used for the successful management of a business enterprise. The first stage: Planning Before going to the actual site, and doing anything the manager first planned on what to do and how do we intend to things. From what I recall, the objectives must be first established as a core part of planning. In our case, the first and most important objective is to make the store operational in three months within a specified budget. Schedules were then established along wi th commensurate tasks that need to be performed for the objective to be realized. Management tools were employed such as the Gantt chart, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) to ensure that everything will go on schedule to realize the objective of opening the store in three months (Gomez-Mejia, 2002). The planning stage took a while because it involved several studies to determine on how some functions can be done with a smaller budget and shorter period of time. Example for this is the consideration on how the physical be set up at a lesser cost. Leading When the objectives were already clearly defined and the tasks needed to accomplish were already enumerated, the Branch Manager, has to pull its human resources together and direct our efforts and energy towards the fulfillment of tasks on schedule. In addition of clearly defining what needs to be done in a specific time-frame to accomplish our objectives, the Branch Manager also motivated his people by giving favorable write-ups and small incentives if we accomplish tasks within the stated time-frame (Gray, 2008). Organizing After defining the tasks involved on how to accomplish our objective, tasks were then specifically assigned to each employee where we are responsible for its completion. Task varies after the completion of each task and is usually time bound. The branch manager had to check time to time to ensure that each one of us is within schedule and that there is no duplication of work to

Performance Appraisal Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Performance Appraisal Systems - Essay Example The evaluation is normally done by the individual's immediate superior in the organization who rates others is also rated by his superior. Performance appraisal employees rating techniques for comparing individual employees in his work group, in terms of personal qualities or deficiencies and the requirements of their respective jobs. It should be differentiated from job evaluation, which is concerned with the determination of worth of different jobs. Performance appraisal refers to the task of the rating or assessing the individual performance and abilities at work. (Yvonne, 1999, p.119) The performance appraisal is a formal programme in an organization, which is concerned not only with the contributions of the members who form part of the organization, but aims at spotting the potential also. The satisfactory performance is only a part of the system as a whole and the management needs more than merely evaluating the performance of the subordinates Performance evaluation is, something of an executive, art and science in itself. One important benefit of the system is that it helps top management to make further judgements about the executives who judge others. The top management can get a sense from the various performance appraisals, about the various departments of the organization and also the need of executive development in the years to come. Performance appraisal helps the supervisors to evaluate the performance and to know the potentials of their subordinates systematically and periodically. (Yvonne, 1999, p.124) Following are the benefits of merit rating: (a) It helps in the correct placement of workers. (b) Performance rating helps in guiding and correcting employees. (c) It helps the employees to know where they stand and consequently they try to improve their performance. (d) The performance appraisal helps to find out the ability of the personnel. This will stimulate them to better their performance in a bid to improve their rating over others. (e) Ratings can be used as the basis of sound personnel policy in relation to transfer and promotion. (f) Performance appraisal helps in designing the training programme in better way. (g) The performance appraisal if done scientifically and systematically will prevent grievances and develop a sense of confidence amongst workers because they are convinced of the impartial basis of evaluation. The making of appraisal ratings has a beneficial effect both on the persons doing the appraisal and the one being appraised. The appraisal brings to attention of supervisors or executives, the importance of knowing their subordinates as individuals. Purpose of Performance Appraisal Systems The object of performance appraisal falls in two categories: Administrative; and Self- improvement (a) Administrative Promotion. This is perhaps the most important administrative use of performance appraisal. It is of common interest to both, management and employees, to promote employees to

Effect of Globalization on Arabic Culture

Effect of Globalization on Arabic Culture Globalization may be defined as the set of social, economic, political, technological, cultural arrangement and procedures resulting from the altering characteristic of production, demand and marketing of products and services which includes the base of multinational political economies. These changes or alteration are multinational and transnational dynamics which pose great impact on the ultimate objective accomplishment in the determination of business environment, global trade regulations etc (Globalisation). There are four key features of globalization which are as follows: Globalization is the integration of various national economies into global market. It transits the economy from high volume in to high value; it is possible through increase in the number of exhaustive products and services information. It vanish the traditional clash of capitalism and socialism and bipolarity. It leads to the configuration and integration of new business alliance (Globalisation). Introduction to Arabic Culture: The Arabs are considered as the ethnic group of people, we can identify them from their conventional cultural values, language and ancestral civilization. The origin of Arab people is from Arabia and their original language was Semitic being Semites. The Arab Culture comprises of the unique features of Arabian people including language, food, dressing modes, rites and rituals, deities, music, dance, art and craft, literature, social structures etc. The Poetry Composition is a unique feature of Arabian literature which has been revealed through the holy Quran. Arabian music prefers melody and rhythm in comparison to harmony. The Arabian Cuisines were prepared mostly by rice, barley, dates, and meat and yoghurt products. The dress ups of Arabian people provides them unique identity in the world, the Arabian women use to wear robes and always prefer to cover their hairs and faces, and Arabian men also wear robes along with the turbans (Najjar, 2005). Effect on Language: Language is considered to be the most prominent part of any culture because people use to communicate with the help of it, and communication plays an important role in transferring the cultural attributes from one generation to another. Due to the over interference of western culture and globalization in the Arab their language shunned and changed towards the English. As English is simple to learn easily and quickly, it captured and spread in the Arab region and surpassed the Arabic language. Most of the Arab people prefer English over Arab language which leads to the Arabic languages deterioration and make it the secondary language. English has been preferred by the Arabian youths and on the contrary Arab language opposed by them as they considered English as superior language which provide them honorable status in the society (John A. Morrow, 2007). Effect on mode of Dressing: The mode of dressing which was followed by the Arab people traditionally revealed their modesty. But due to the globalization the traditional dressing mode has been replaced by western dressing patterns, and the original ethnic dress ups of Arab people have been preserved for old aged people. The present young generalization of Arab have been influenced by globalization a lot, they generally prefers dresses of western culture like jeans, t shirts, and other dresses which leads to too much exposure in comparison with traditional Arab dresses. It posses significant negative impact on the Arabic cultural and ethnic values, beliefs, and norms as the globalization leads to over dominance of western culture on the Arab people and their dressing mode, which ultimately affects the identity and original dress ups of Arab (Najjar, 2005). Effect on Identity: With the emergence of globalization, Arabs have lost the major part of their traditional conventional culture due to its regional market penetration by western culture countries. The identity of individuals lies in their traditions and culture which includes values, beliefs, customs, rites, rituals, dress ups, language, food, arts and crafts, dance and music etc., culture can be observe in the individuals characteristics. Globalization has led to the desertion of various aforementioned features of Arabian Culture which leads to destruction of the Arab Culture as a whole. It leads to various problems like difficulty in identifying and discriminated Arab people on the basis of cultural aspects as they follow other cultural values. If these conditions would not going to change, the traditional culture of Arab get disappear entirely which leads to loss of rich cultural heritage (Najjar, 2005) . Effect on Arab Heritage Culture: The globalization, modernization and secularization provide various significant benefits to the Arabs in terms of technology, economic development, and political scenario. Apart from these benefits globalization leads to harm the traditional culture heritage of Arabs. The conventional art and craft, music and dance, language and literature, food and dressing mode have been replaced by the western cultural attributes (Najjar, 2005). Conclusion:Â   The Arabian youth do not understand the significance of their conventional culture and its preservation. Globalization has affected the Arabian Culture tremendously through internet, films, music, art and literature, so the strategies pertaining to transformation of Arabian Culture should be taken as early as possible so as to retain its original identity and overcome the losses of globalization.

History of the Marines Essay -- American History Military

History of the Marines What do Drew Carey, Gene Hackman, and Lee Harvey Oswald all have in common? They are all, The Few. The Proud. The Marines. Like these young men, many people after high school join one of the many branches of the military. From the U.S. Bureau of Labor, nine out of ten high school graduates go into the military. However with the Marine Corps being the smallest of the branches, only one-fifth of them become Marines. In 2006, according to the Recruit Depot Parris Island for Marines, 99.9% of the students there were high school graduates. Of the 4,420 recruits in 2006, the average age for a Marine was 19.6. Since the branches were formed, the Marine Corps has developed into a military branch that is greatly respected for its achievements and responsibilities. The Marines As A Whole Unquestionably, the marines were very basic and underdeveloped in their earlier days. The USMC, or better known as the United States Marine Corps, is one of the five main branches of the United States military. The Marines Corps started out being known as the Continental Marines ("United States Marine Corps" 4). The Continental Marines were born November 10, 1775 at Tin Tavern in Pennsylvania. Due to the act of July 11, 1798, the Marines were formed in place of them under the constitution. They were first formed because of America being in debt. At the time, the United States was in a naval war with France (Metcalf 343). The marines have many allies and foes throughout the branches of military. The United States Navy is said to be the "big brother" of the U.S. Marines out of the other military branches. Most of the support that the Marines get is from this fine group of men. Early marines served as gunners, mechani... ...g ("United States Marine Corps" 20). Since the day the Marines were formed, they have developed into a highly respected military branch, where they have accomplished many achievements and took on many responsibilities. The Marines have, and will always play an important role on how Americans fight in wars today. With all the help the United States gets from the Marines, it helps guide troops through ferocious battles like many they have gone through but faster and with more force. There are many famous and infamous people out in the world that served a good purpose fighting and helped them get where they are today. Last and foremost, the Marines take on far more responsibility than people can accredit for. Many people should be grateful for what they have because if it wasn't for, the few, the proud, the Marines, they might not have made it to where they are today.